The answers here represent just one possible way to rewrite the paragraphs, correcting for errors. There are other possibilities that are correct. If you have questions about why certain corrections were made, or whether a different correction you made is also possible, remember to post to the discussion boards.
Week 1
Cassava, also called manioc, yuca, and tapioca, is important to the economy of Nigeria, which is the world’s largest producer of this food. The crop is produced in 24 of the country’s 36 states. In 1999, Nigeria produced 33 million tons, and just a decade later, it produced approximately 45 million tons. This represents nearly 19% of global production. Cassava production is well-developed as an agricultural crop. There are more than forty cassava varieties grown. Cassava is processed in many processing centers in the country.
Week 2
Paulo Menotti Del Picchia was a Brazilian poet, journalist, and painter. Born in 1892, he is associated with the Generation of 1922, the first generation of Brazilian modernists. Del Picchia was educated in the law and was a practicing attorney when he began writing poetry. He moved to São Paulo, the city of his birth, and be- came acquainted with Mário de Andrade and the other young modernists in the city. He was a member of the Group of Five, along with Andrade, poet Oswald de Andrade, and painters Tarsila do Amaral and Anita Malfatti, and was one of the key participants of the Week of Modern Art in São Paulo in February 1922, a large event in the history of modernism of arts in Brazil.
Because del Picchia outlived his literary generation, he received much more honor for his role in the creation of Modernism than any of his colleagues. By the time of his death, he had received most of the highest governmental, academic, and pri- vate honors in Brazil. His house in Itapira is now a museum.
Week 3
Ellen Ochoa was born on May 10, 1958, in Los Angeles, California. She received advanced degrees at Stanford University. She was chosen by NASA in 1990, and in 1991 she became the world’s first Latina astronaut. She has been on four space flights, logging more than 950 hours in space.
Ochoa’s technical assignments have included flight software and computer hard- ware development and robotics development, testing, and training. She has served as Assistant for the Space Station, lead spacecraft communicator in Mission Con- trol, and Acting Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. She now serves as Director of Flight Crew Operations at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
Ochoa’s many awards include NASA’s Exceptional Service Medal (1997), Out- standing Leadership Medal (1995), and Space Flight Medals (2002, 1999, 1994, 1993). Besides being an astronaut, Ochoa plays classical flute. She lives in Texas with her husband and their two children.
Week 4
Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time. People use the terms “spring forward” and “fall back” when referring to this.
George Hudson of New Zealand proposed the idea of daylight saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30, 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.
The practice has both advocates and critics. Moving clocks forward benefits sales, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for outdoor entertainment and other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Though some early supporters of DST wanted to reduce evening use of electric lighting, today’s heating and cooling patterns differ greatly, and research about how DST affects energy use is limited and contradictory.
DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes of DST dates and timings by various governments may be confusing.
Week 5
Thoughts on the Education of Daughters: With Reflections on Female Conduct, in the More Important Duties of Life is the first published work of the British writer Mary Wollstonecraft, who was also the author of Frankenstein. Published in 1787, Thoughts offers advice on female education to the emerging British middle class. Although the book focuses strongly on morality and etiquette, it also contains basic instructions, such as how to care for an infant.
Like other conduct books of the time, Thoughts adapts older genres to the new middle-class ethos. The book encourages mothers to teach their daughters analytical thinking, self-discipline, honesty, contentment in their social position, and marketable skills (in case they should ever need to support themselves). Her aim is to educate women to be useful wives and mothers, because, she argues, it is through these roles that they can most effectively contribute to society. The predominantly domestic role Wollstonecraft outlines for women – a role that she viewed as meaningful – was interpreted by 20th-century feminist literary critics as paradoxically confining women to the private arena.